Factores socioafectivos y su influencia en la actividad sexual de adolescentes / Socioemotional Factors and Their Influence on Sexual Activity Among Adolescents / Fatores socioafetivos e sua influência na atividade sexual de adolescentes

durante la adolescencia se adquieren conocimientos y se desarrollan actitudes hacia el sexo, la anticoncepción y la reproducción, aspectos que influirán en el comportamiento sexual que repercute directamente en la calidad de vida. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los factores sociales y emocionales asociados al inicio de la actividad sexual, así como sus consecuencias como el embarazo y las enfermedades de transmisión sexual en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional de una muestra de 1191 estudiantes de secundaria que recibieron cuestionarios sobre factores socioemocionales e iniciación sexual. Los datos se procesaron mediante estadística descriptiva y la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson para determinar la asociación entre los factores evaluados. Resultados: la tasa de inicio de la actividad sexual entre los adolescentes fue del 45 %, de los cuales el 14 % utilizaba protección. El 88,8 % de los adolescentes dice recibir apoyo de los padres, el 39 % acepta tratos violentos en el hogar y el 47 % tuvo una madre adolescente embarazada, entre otros aspectos. Conclusiones: existe una relación significativa (con p < 0.05) entre los factores socioemocionales de género, proyectos de vida, actividades extracurriculares, apoyo de los padres, violencia intrafamiliar y maltrato, con respecto a las madres con antecedente de embarazo precoz e inicio de la actividad sexual en la adolescencia.

During adolescence, knowledge is acquired and attitudes toward sex, contraception, and reproduction are developed, aspects that will influence sexual behavior, which has a direct impact on quality of life. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the social and emotional factors associated with the onset of sexual activity and its consequences, such as pregnancy and sexually transmitted dis-eases, among adolescents and young adults. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and cor-relational study involving 1,191 high school students was conducted. A questionnaire containing questions on socio-emotional factors and sexual initiation was administered. Data were processed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square test to determine the association between the evaluated factors. Results:The initiation rate of sexual activity among adolescents was 45%, of whom 14% used protection. However, 88.8% of the adolescents received parental support, 39% accepted violent treatment at home, and 47% had a pregnant adolescent mother, among other aspects. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between the socio-emotional factors of sex, life projects, extracurricular activities, parental support, intra-family violence, and mistreatment. Having a mother with a history of early pregnancy is associated with the onset of sexual activity among adolescents.

durante a adolescência, são adquiridos conhecimentos e desenvolvidas atitudes em relação ao sexo, contracepção e reprodução, aspectos que irão influenciar o comportamento sexual que afeta diretamente a qualidade de vida. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os fatores sociais e emocionais associados ao início da atividade sexual, bem como suas consequências, como a gravidez e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis em adolescentes e jovens adultos. Materiais e métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal e correlacional em uma amostra de 1191 estudantes do ensino médio que rece-beram questionários sobre fatores socioemocionais e iniciação sexual. Os dados foram processados por meio de estatística descritiva e teste qui-quadrado de Pearson para determinar a associação entre os fatores avaliados. Resultados: a taxa de início da atividade sexual entre os adolescentes foi de 45%, dos quais 14% utilizavam proteção. 88,8% dos adolescentes afirmaram receber apoio dos pais, 39% recebem tratamento violento em casa e 47% têm mãe adolescente grávida, entre outros aspectos. Conclusões: existe uma relação significativa com p < 0,05 entre os fatores socioemocionais de gênero, projetos de vida, atividades extracurriculares, apoio parental, violência doméstica e maus-tratos. Mães com histó-rico de gravidez precoce e início da atividade sexual na adolescência.

Gravidez indesejada na adolescência em Guiné-Bissau / Unwanted teenage pregnancy in Guinea-Bissau

Contexto: como em outros países, principalmente aqueles considerados subdesenvolvidos, a Guiné-Bissau, localizado na África Subsaariana, enfrenta altas taxas de gravidez na adolescência, muitas vezes não planejada ou desejada. Objetivo geral: analisar e descrever o fenômeno da gravidez indesejada de adolescentes guineenses. Processo metodológico: trata- se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, que utilizou pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e reflexões da autora sobre suas vivências no país; cujas análises se deram na perspectiva da hermenêutica-dialética. Resultados e discussão: a literatura sobre a persistência do fenômeno indica que ele é multicausal, pois contempla aspectos psicológicos, econômicos, sociais, culturais, políticos, religiosos e ambientais. Entre os riscos de gravidez na adolescência são citadas: complicações decorrentes de aborto inseguro; mortalidade infantil e materna e outros considerando a maternidade anterior à faixa etária com menos de 19 anos. Reflexos na vida das meninas que engravidam são deletérios: desistência dos estudos, pouca probabilidade de inserção no mercado de trabalho; impossibilidade de realizar projeto de vida fora da maternidade, limitando sua realização mais plena como mulher e cidadã. Contribuem também: a provável inexistência e/ou inoperância de políticas públicas de saúde destinadas aos jovens/adolescentes, em termos de serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva e de educação em saúde, não disponibilização de contraceptivos e informações mais abrangentes. Considerando- se tal quadro, utilizando os conhecimentos do campo teórico-prático da saúde coletiva, propõe- se a educação em saúde, por meio de atuação lúdica, caracterizando-a como projeto social - ativismo social. A proponente é enfermeira e vai retomar a experiência como ex-escoteira para atuação fora do ambiente escolar ou dos serviços de saúde, em eventos de escotismo, pois não tem vínculo com Estado guineense. Considerações finais: as análises acerca do fenômeno apresentam um cenário repleto de possíveis entraves - de origem cultural, religiosa, social, política, psicológica, econômica e ambiental - para o enfrentamento da gravidez indesejada na adolescência. No entanto, entende-se que é possível pensar em atuações criativas, amigáveis e construídas de forma compartilhada com adolescentes, que sejam significativas e considerem suas experiências proporcionando maior conhecimento acerca do fenômeno e questões afins.

Context: as in other countries, especially those considered underdeveloped, Guinea-Bissau, located in Sub-Saharan Africa, faces high rates of teenage pregnancy, often unplanned or unintended. General objective: to analyze and describe the phenomenon of unwanted pregnancy in Guinean adolescents. Methodological process: this is a qualitative, descriptive study that used bibliographic and documentary research and the author's reflections on her experiences in the country; whose analyzes took place from the perspective of hermeneutics- dialectics. Results and discussion: the literature on the persistence of the phenomenon indicates that it is multicausal, as it includes psychological, economic, social, cultural, political, religious and environmental aspects. Among the risks of teenage pregnancy are: complications resulting from unsafe abortion; infant and maternal mortality and others considering maternity before the age group under 19 years. Effects on the lives of girls who become pregnant are deleterious: dropping out of studies, low probability of entering the job market; impossibility of carrying out a life project outside of motherhood, limiting her fullest fulfillment as a woman and citizen. The following also contribute: the probable inexistence and/or ineffectiveness of public health policies aimed at young people/adolescents, in terms of sexual and reproductive health services and health education, non-availability of contraceptives and more comprehensive information. Considering this framework, using knowledge from the theoretical-practical field of collective health, health education is proposed, through playful activities, characterizing it as a social project - social activism. The applicant is a nurse and will resume her experience as a former Girl Scout to work outside the school environment or health services, in Scouting events, as she has no link with the Guinean State. Final considerations: the analyzes about the phenomenon present a scenario full of possible obstacles - of cultural, religious, social, political, psychological, economic and environmental origin - to face unwanted pregnancy in adolescence. However, it is understood that it is possible to think of creative, friendly and shared actions with adolescents, which are meaningful and consider their experiences providing greater knowledge about the phenomenon and related issues.

Perfil epidemiológico das gestações não planejadas em um hospital de referência no oeste do Paraná / Epidemiological profile of unplanned pregnancies in a reference hospital in the west of Paraná

Objetivo: Delinear o perfil epidemiológico das gestações não planejadas em um hospital na cidade de Toledo-PR, comparando características socioeconômicas, uso de métodos contraceptivos, adesão ao pré-natal e desfechos maternos e fetais, entre as gestações planejadas e não planejadas. Métodos: Foram realizadas entrevistas com puérperas, por meio da aplicação de questionário criado especificamente para este estudo. Realizaram-se análise descritiva e comparação por análise bivariada. Foi considerado o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O total de participantes entrevistadas foi de 327. A prevalência de gestações não planejadas foi de 51,6% (n = 169). Do total, 10,3% (n = 34) eram adolescentes. As partic ipantes com gestações não planejadas apresentaram 0,4 gestação a mais (p = 0,004); 68% (n = 98) desse grupo era não branca (p = 0,009); 60,9% (n = 103) eram casadas ou em união estável; 17,2% (n = 29) possuíam renda até um salário mínimo (p = 0,007); 50,3% (n = 85) não utilizavam métodos contraceptivos. A proporção de anemia entre as gestações não planejadas foi de 8,3% (n = 14), enquanto nas planejadas foi de 1,9% (n = 3) (p = 0,02). Conclusão: As participantes cujas gestações não são planejadas são multíparas, mais jovens e não brancas, possuem menor renda e escolaridade, maior proporção de não casadas e maior prevalência de anemia gestacional. A intenção da gestação não apresentou influência sobre o concepto ou desfechos puerperais. Para alterar esse perfil, são primordiais aconselhamento reprodutivo individualizado e medidas de saúde pública voltadas a métodos contraceptivos eficazes.(AU)

Objective: To outline the epidemiological profile of unplanned pregnancies in a hospital in the city of Toledo/Paraná, comparing socioeconomic characteristics, use of contraceptive methods, adherence to prenatal care and maternal and fetal outcomes among planned and unplanned pregnancies. Methods: Interviews were conducted with puerperal participants, through the application of a form designed by the authors. A descriptive analysis was done and the data were compared between groups through a bivariate analysis. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: The total number of interviewed participants was 327. The incidence of unplanned pregnancies was 51.6% (n = 169). Of the total, 10.3% (n = 34) were adolescents. Participants with unplanned pregnancies averaged 0.4 more pregnancies (p = 0.004), 68% (n = 98) of this group were non-white (p = 0.009); 60.9% (n = 103) married or in a stable relationship; 17.2% (n = 29) had an income of up to 1 minimum wage (p = 0.007); 50.3% (n = 85) did not use contraceptive methods. The proportion of anemia among unplanned pregnancies was 8.3% (n = 14), while in planned pregnancies, it was 1.9% (n = 3) (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Participants whose unplanned pregnancies occur, are multiparous, younger and non-white, they have lower income and education access, higher proportion of unmarried women and gestational anemia. The intention of the pregnancy does not influence the conceptus or postpartum outcomes. To change this profile, individualized reproductive counseling and public health measures aimed at more effective contraceptive methods are essential.(AU)

Experiencia vivida frente al aborto inducido en un grupo de mujeres en Bogotá, Colombia / Lived Experience with Induced Abortion of a Group of Women in Bogotá, Colombia / Experiência com o aborto provocado em um grupo de mulheres em Bogotá, Colômbia

Introducción: frente al aborto inducido se han establecido diferentes posturas que muchas veces se basan en perspectivas morales, filosóficas y religiosas, cuando deberían estar centradas en lo que implica esta situación de salud en la vida de las mujeres Metodología: se desarrolló una investigación fenomenológica para establecer los diálogos desde la perspectiva de las propias protagonistas sobre el aborto inducido con una participación de siete mujeres, mayores de 18 años en Bogotá. Resultados: las experiencias de las mujeres son variadas, pero se identificaron algunos aspectos similares o comunes. Sin embargo, cada vivencia es particular y tiene como marco el contexto en el que cada una habitaba en el momento del aborto. Se identificaron las siguientes categorías de análisis: aborto como consecuencia de un embarazo no deseado, aborto como experiencia frente a una decisión autónoma, aborto, culpa y pecado, cambios asociados a la experiencia, maternidad, materialización del deseo y aborto no debe ser considerado como un delito. Conclusiones: la vivencia del aborto no puede ser generalizable, y para su entendimiento debe tenerse en cuenta aspectos que solo atañen a la mujer como experta en su vida y en su situación. El aporte de la presente investigación fue recuperar la vivencia de las mujeres sobre el aborto para contribuir al cuidado de la salud en la población femenina

Introdução: sobre o aborto provocado têm-se estabelecido diferentes posturas, muitas vezes baseadas em perspectivas morais, filosóficas e religiosas, quando deveriam estar focadas no que implica essa situação de saúde na vida das mulheres. Metodologia: desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa fenomenológica para estabelecer os diálogos na perspectiva das próprias protagonistas sobre o aborto provocado com a participação de sete mulheres, maiores de 18 anos, em Bogotá. Resultados: as experiências das mulheres são variadas, mas alguns aspectos semelhantes ou comuns foram identificados. Porém, cada experiência é particular e se enquadra no contexto em que cada uma permanecia no momento do aborto. Foram identificadas as seguintes categorias de análise: aborto como consequência de uma gravidez indesejada, aborto como experiência diante de uma decisão autônoma, aborto, culpa e pecado, mudanças associadas à experiência, maternidade, materialização do desejo e aborto não deve ser considerado como um crime. Conclusões: a experiência do aborto não pode ser generalizável e, para sua compreensão, devem ser considerados aspectos que dizem respeito apenas à mulher como especialista em sua vida e em sua situação. A contribuição desta pesquisa foi resgatar as vivências de mulheres sobre o aborto para contribuir com a atenção à saúde da população feminina.

Introduction: Regarding induced abortion, different positions have been adopted, often based on moral, philosophical, and religious perspectives, when they should be focused on what this health situation implies for women's lives. Method: A phenomenological research was conducted to establish dialogues from the own protagonists' perspective of induced abortion, where seven women over 18 years of age in Bogotá participated. Results: Women's experiences are varied, but some similar or common aspects were identified. However, each experience is specific and is framed within the context where each woman lived at the time of the abortion. The following categories of analysis were identified: Abortion as a consequence of unwanted pregnancy, abortion as an experience versus an autonomous decision, abortion, guilt and sin, changes associated with the experience, maternity, desire materialization, and abortion should not be considered a crime. Conclusions: Abortion experience cannot be generalized, and for its understanding, aspects that only concern women as the experts on their lives and situations must be taken into account. This research contribution was to restore women's abortion experiences to advance female population health care

Sexualidad, alcohol y sustancias psicoactivas en relación con el embarazo no deseado en universitarios / Sexuality, alcohol, psycoative substances and relation with unwanted pregnancy in university students / Sexualidade, álcool e substancias psicoactivas em relação com a gravindez não desejada em universitarios

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre sexualidad, consumo de alcohol, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y embarazo no deseado en estudiantes universitarios Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con intención analítica. Se aplicó una encuesta sobre salud sexual y reproductiva y bienestar basada en el cuestionario Reig-Ferrer. Las variables cualitativas se analizaron mediante frecuencias y porcentajes y las cuantitativas mediante medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia utilizando la prueba chi cuadrado que evaluó relación entre embarazo no deseado y algunas conductas de riesgo. Resultados: participaron 2767 estudiantes con edad promedio de 21 (RIC: 19-23) años. La mediana de edad de inicio las relaciones sexuales fueron de 16 (RIC: 15-18) años. El 56,1% refirió consumir alcohol y el 12,7% sustancias psicoactivas (SPA), con alguna frecuencia. Respecto a las mujeres; el 18,9 % ha estado embarazada, y de éstas, el 61,4% ha tenido un embarazo no deseado. El análisis bivariado mostró relación estadísticamente significativa entre el embarazo no deseado y variables como la edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales, el consumo de SPA y el mantener o no relaciones sexuales bajo el efecto del alcohol y SPA. Conclusiones: el estudio mostró condiciones que pueden favorecer los problemas relacionados con la salud sexual y reproductiva de jóvenes universitarios. Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de estudiar algunas conductas de riesgo de manera particular, mediante un abordaje integral que permita posteriormente reorientar las actividades de la promoción de la salud sexual en pro de re-conocer conductas de cuidado y de riesgo.

Objective: To determine the relationship between sexuality, alcohol consumption, psychoactive substance consumption and unwanted pregnancy in university students. Methods: Cross sectional study with analytical intention. A sexual and reproductive health and wellness survey based on the Reig-Ferrer questionnaire was applied. The qualitative variables were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, and the quantitative variables using measures of central tendency and dispersion. Prevalence ratios were calculated using the chi square test that evaluated the relationship between unwanted pregnancy and some risk behaviors. Results: A total of 2767 students with an average age of 21 (RIC: 19-23) years participated. The median age of onset of sexual intercourse was 16 (RIC: 15-18) years. Overall, 56.1% reported consuming alcohol and 12.7% psychoactive substances (PS), with some frequency. Regarding women, 18.9% have been pregnant, and of these, 61.4% have had an unwanted pregnancy. The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between unwanted pregnancy and variables such as the age of onset of sexual intercourse, the consumption of PS and whether or not to have sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol and PS. Conclusions: The study showed conditions that can favor the problems related to the sexual and reproductive health of young university students. The need to study some risk behaviors in a particular way through a comprehensive approach that allows reorienting the activities of sexual health promotion in order to re-know care and risk behaviors, is highlighted.

Objetivo: determinar a relação entre sexualidade, consumo de álcool, consumo de substâncias psicoativas e gravidez não desejado em estudantes universitários Métodos: estudo descritivo de corte transversal com intenção analítica. Aplicou-se uma enquete sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva e bem-estar baseada no questionario Reig-Ferrer. As variáveis qualitativas se analisaram mediante frequências e porcentagens e as quantitativas mediante medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Calcularam-se razões de prevalência utilizando a prova chi quadrado que avaliou relação entre gravidez não desejado e algumas condutas de risco. Resultados: participaram 2767 estudantes com idade média de 21 (RIC: 19-23) anos. A mediana de idade de início as relações sexuais foram de 16 (RIC: 15-18) anos. O 56,1% referiu consumir álcool e o 12,7% substancias psicoativas (SPA), com alguma frequência. Respeito às mulheres; o 18,9 % tem estado gravidas, e destas, o 61,4% tem tido uma gravidez não desejado. O analise bivariado amostrou relação estatisticamente significativa entre uma gravidez não desejado e variáveis como a idade de início das relações sexuais, o consumo de SPA e o manter ou não relações sexuais baixo o efeito do álcool e SPA. Conclusões: O estudo amostrou condições que podem favorecer os problemas relacionados com a saúde sexual e reprodutiva de jovens universitários. É preciso criar a necessidade de estudar algumas condutas de risco de maneira particular, mediante uma abordagem integral que permita posteriormente reorientar as atividades da promoção da saúde sexual em pro de reconhecer condutas de cuidado e de risco.

Sexualidad, alcohol y sustancias psicoactivas en relación con el embarazo no deseado en universitarios / Sexuality, alcohol, psycoative substances and relation with unwanted pregnancy in university students / Sexualidade, álcool e substancias psicoactivas em relação com a gravindez não desejada em universitarios

Resumen Objetivo: determinar la relación entre sexualidad, consumo de alcohol, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y embarazo no deseado en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con intención analítica. Se aplicó una encuesta sobre salud sexual y reproductiva y bienestar basada en el cuestionario Reig-Ferrer. Las variables cualitativas se analizaron mediante frecuencias y porcentajes y las cuantitativas mediante medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia utilizando la prueba chi cuadrado que evaluó relación entre embarazo no deseado y algunas conductas de riesgo. Resultados: participaron 2767 estudiantes con edad promedio de 21 (RIC: 19-23) años. La mediana de edad de inicio las relaciones sexuales fueron de 16 (RIC: 15-18) años. El 56,1% refirió consumir alcohol y el 12,7% sustancias psicoactivas (SPA), con alguna frecuencia. Respecto a las mujeres; el 18,9 % ha estado embarazada, y de éstas, el 61,4% ha tenido un embarazo no deseado. El análisis bivariado mostró relación estadísticamente significativa entre el embarazo no deseado y variables como la edad de inicio de las relaciones sexuales, el consumo de SPA y el mantener o no relaciones sexuales bajo el efecto del alcohol y SPA. Conclusiones: el estudio mostró condiciones que pueden favorecer los problemas relacionados con la salud sexual y reproductiva de jóvenes universitarios. Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de estudiar algunas conductas de riesgo de manera particular, mediante un abordaje integral que permita posteriormente reorientar las actividades de la promoción de la salud sexual en pro de re-conocer conductas de cuidado y de riesgo.

Abstract Objective: To determine the relationship between sexuality, alcohol consumption, psychoactive substance consumption and unwanted pregnancy in university students. Methods: Cross sectional study with analytical intention. A sexual and reproductive health and wellness survey based on the Reig-Ferrer questionnaire was applied. The qualitative variables were analyzed using frequencies and percentages, and the quantitative variables using measures of central tendency and dispersion. Prevalence ratios were calculated using the chi square test that evaluated the relationship between unwanted pregnancy and some risk behaviors. Results: A total of 2767 students with an average age of 21 (RIC: 19-23) years participated. The median age of onset of sexual intercourse was 16 (RIC: 15-18) years. Overall, 56.1% reported consuming alcohol and 12.7% psychoactive substances (PS), with some frequency. Regarding women, 18.9% have been pregnant, and of these, 61.4% have had an unwanted pregnancy. The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between unwanted pregnancy and variables such as the age of onset of sexual intercourse, the consumption of PS and whether or not to have sexual intercourse under the influence of alcohol and PS. Conclusions: The study showed conditions that can favor the problems related to the sexual and reproductive health of young university students. The need to study some risk behaviors in a particular way through a comprehensive approach that allows reorienting the activities of sexual health promotion in order to re-know care and risk behaviors, is highlighted.

Resumo Objetivo: determinar a relação entre sexualidade, consumo de álcool, consumo de substâncias psicoativas e gravidez não desejado em estudantes universitários. Métodos: estudo descritivo de corte transversal com intenção analítica. Aplicou-se uma enquete sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva e bem-estar baseada no questionario Reig-Ferrer. As variáveis qualitativas se analisaram mediante frequências e porcentagens e as quantitativas mediante medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Calcularam-se razões de prevalência utilizando a prova chi quadrado que avaliou relação entre gravidez não desejado e algumas condutas de risco. Resultados: participaram 2767 estudantes com idade média de 21 (RIC: 19-23) anos. A mediana de idade de início as relações sexuais foram de 16 (RIC: 15-18) anos. O 56,1% referiu consumir álcool e o 12,7% substancias psicoativas (SPA), com alguma frequência. Respeito às mulheres; o 18,9 % tem estado gravidas, e destas, o 61,4% tem tido uma gravidez não desejado. O analise bivariado amostrou relação estatisticamente significativa entre uma gravidez não desejado e variáveis como a idade de início das relações sexuais, o consumo de SPA e o manter ou não relações sexuais baixo o efeito do álcool e SPA. Conclusões: O estudo amostrou condições que podem favorecer os problemas relacionados com a saúde sexual e reprodutiva de jovens universitários. É preciso criar a necessidade de estudar algumas condutas de risco de maneira particular, mediante uma abordagem integral que permita posteriormente reorientar as atividades da promoção da saúde sexual em pro de reconhecer condutas de cuidado e de risco.

Self-administration of MTP Pills and its Complications: An Observational Study

Background: Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) has been legalized in India since 1971. MTP pills are well effective inthe early weeks of gestation and safe only when used under medical supervision.Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the clinical presentations and complications following selfadministration of MTP pills.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at SMGS Hospital, Government MedicalCollege Jammu from July 2018 to June 2019. Hundred patients were included in the study. Following factors were studied suchas chief complaints, complications, treatment given, and blood transfusion.Results: Majority (57%) of patients were aged between 30 and 39 years. About 66% were gravid three or more. Only 28% hadtaken the pill within prescribed gestational age limit for MTP, i.e., <7 weeks. Mid-trimester pill intake was encountered in 14%patients. About 41% presented with incomplete abortion. Anemia was present in majority of patients and blood transfusion wasdone in 38% patients. About 24% patients presented with life-threatening shock. Sepsis was present in 5% patients. Emergencylaparotomy was required in 4% cases. Hysterotomy was done in 2% cases. Continuation of pregnancy was noted in 6% patients.Unintended pregnancy and limiting family size were main reasons for abortion 62% and 32%, respectively.Conclusions: Unauthorized over-the-counter availability despite legal ban and ignorance of women have led to increasednumber of unsafe abortions. Increasing awareness among women regarding complications of unsupervised pill intake andeasily availability of safe contraceptive methods can help control this health hazard.

Health seeking behaviour of women with unwanted pregnancies: a tertiary care centre based study of eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Termination of an unwanted pregnancy is legal in India. Many women in this region are still not aware about safe abortion services and its consequences. Especially young, economically deprived and those without a supportive male partner are at higher risk of unsafe abortion. There is no clear and established evidence on this issue in our region. In the study, the aim was to explore the health seeking behaviour of women with unwanted pregnancies.Methods: Present cross-sectional study was conducted among 303 patients visiting to obstetrics and gynecology ward of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur from April 2018 to September 2018. Their socio demographic profile, reasons for current termination of pregnancy and health seeking behaviour was explored.Results: Most common reason given for terminating the current pregnancy was completed family size 65.3%. Unmarried girls with pregnancy were 5.6 % who wanted termination of pregnancy. Majority (67.0%) took medication for termination of pregnancy from nearby medical store without an expert consultation 15.8% of women consulted to a local quack or local dai for termination of pregnancy. 12.9% of women tried a method as advised by family/friends for termination of pregnancy. About 4% of women 1st tried traditional and herbal medicines, drinking tea or juice for termination of pregnancy. Majority of women (84.5%) visited to medical college for management of complications of earlier tried method of termination of pregnancy.Conclusions: Completed family size was found most common reason for termination of pregnancy. Self medication without consultation of authorised doctor was found most common practice of abortion leading to complications.

Embarazos adolescentes y representaciones sociales (León, Guanajuato, México, 2016-2017) / Adolescent pregnancies and social representations (León, Guanajuato, Mexico, 2016-2017) / Gravidez na adolescência e representações sociais (León, Guanajuato, México, 2016-2017)

Resumen (analítico): La intencionalidad del embarazo se ha tratado de explicar desde diversos marcos teóricos, pero no siempre se considera el contexto cultural; por ello persisten complicaciones conceptuales y metodológicas. A lo largo de este estudio se pretendió identificar las representaciones sociales que las adolescentes de León (Guanajuato, México) tienen del embarazo no deseado y no planeado, estudio basado en el enfoque teórico de las representaciones sociales, con el uso de técnicas asociativas derivadas de la antropología cognitiva, específicamente listados libres y comparación de pares. Participaron 72 mujeres de 15 a 19 años. Las representaciones sociales del embarazo no planeado se centraron en aspectos económicos y emocionales negativos; el embarazo no deseado se asoció con aspectos emocionales negativos (sentimientos de enojo y culpa por la situación), además de que se consideró el aborto como solución.

Abstract (analytical): A number of authors have tried to explain the intentionality of pregnancy from different theoretical frameworks, however the cultural context is not always considered, and as a result conceptual and methodological complications persist. This study aims to identify the social representations that adolescents in León, Guanajuato construct in relation to their unwanted and unplanned pregnancies. This study is based on the theoretical approach of social representations and uses associative techniques derived from cognitive anthropology, specifically free listings and peer comparison. 72 women aged 15 to 19 participated. The social representations of unplanned pregnancy focused on negative economic and emotional aspects. Social representations of unwanted pregnancies were associated with negative emotional aspects (feelings of anger and guilt towards the situation), and abortion was considered as a solution.

Resumo (analítico): A intencionalidade da gravidez tem sido tratada para explicar a partir de vários referenciais teóricos, no entanto, o contexto cultural nem sempre é considerado, por isso persistem complicações conceituais e metodológicas. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar as representações sociais que adolescentes em León, Guanajuato, têm de gravidez indesejada e não planejada. Estudo baseado na abordagem teórica das representações sociais, com o uso de técnicas associativas derivadas da antropologia cognitiva, especificamente listagens livres e comparação de pares. Participaram 72 mulheres com idades entre 15 e 19 anos. As representações sociais da gravidez não planejada focaram aspectos econômicos e emocionais negativos; a gravidez indesejada foi associada a aspectos emocionais negativos (sentimentos de raiva e culpa pela situação) e o aborto foi considerado uma solução.

Características del aborto adolescente en un hospital de Chiclayo, Perú 2018 / Characteristics of adolescent abortion in a hospital in Chiclayo, Perú 2018

Introducción: El embarazo no deseado en un adolescente es un problema social cada vez más frecuente a nivel mundial. Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia del aborto adolescente en un hospital de Chiclayo, Perú. Material y Métodos: pacientes que ingresen al servicio de ginecoobstetricia por diagnóstico de aborto entre las edades de 14 ­ 19 años en el 2018. Resultados: se encontró un total de 73 menores de 19 años que acudieron por algún tipo de aborto que fue el 14,17% de la población que fue diagnosticada con aborto. Los datos demográficos que provienen las pacientes fueron con una mayor frecuencia de los distritos que predominaron fueron de Chiclayo 50,68%), La Victoria (8,22%) y José Leonardo Ortiz (9,59%). El diagnóstico de ingreso que predominó fue el aborto incompleto (76,71%), seguido de aborto frustro (17,81%). Los tratamientos que se dieron a las pacientes fueron medico (4,11%) y en su mayoría quirúrgico (95,98%), que se dividió en AMEU (42,65%), LU (55,88%) y Cesárea (1,47%) con una media de 1,5 días de estancia hospitalaria. Conclusión: se encontró un 14% de aborto adolescente en un hospital de la ciudad de Chiclayo. (AU)

Introduction: Unwanted pregnancy in adolescents is an increasingly common social problem worldwide. Objectives: estimate the prevalence of adolescent abortion in a hospital in Chiclayo, Peru. Materials and methods: patients admitted to the gynecologyobstetric service for diagnosis of abortion between the ages of 14-19 years in 2018. Results: a total of 73 children under 19 years of age who attended some type of abortion were found. , 17% of the population that was diagnosed with abortion. The demographic data that came from the patients were with a higher frequency of the districts that predominated were from Chiclayo (50.68%), La Victoria (8.22%) and José Leonardo Ortiz (9.59%). The predominant diagnosis of admission was incomplete abortion (76.71%), followed by frustrous abortion (17.81%). The treatments that were given to the patients were medical (4.11%) and mostly surgical (95.98%), which was divided into MVA (42.65%), LU (55.88%) and Caesarean (1, 47%) with an average of 1.5 days of hospital stay. Conclusion: a 14% adolescent abortion was found in a hospital in the city of Chiclayo.(AU)

The Turning Point in an Unwanted Teenage Pregnancy: A Psychoemotional Perspective

@#Introduction: Malaysia is a multiethnic country that allows freedom of religion with Islam being the most professed religion. Under the Islamic teachings, premarital sex is forbidden. Nonetheless, at present, there is an increasing number of teenage pregnancies among the Malay Muslims as a consequence of premarital sex. The objective was to obtain a detailed understanding of how pregnant teenagers make sense of their experience with unwanted pregnancy from a psycho-emotional perspective. Methods: Purposive sampling through the application of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was employed. Face to face interviews were conducted with 10 participants that were 17 years old. Results: Three themes emerged from the present research (a) transformation of self, (b) transition to motherhood and; (c) spiritual strengthening. Conclusion: All participants experienced turning points in their lives in which they made sense of their experience resulting in positive changes.

Impacts of Pregnancy Knowledge Training on Contraception and Re - Pregnancy in Outpatient Induced Abortion / 现代医院

Objective To explore the impact of pregnancy knowledge training on contraception and further unplanned pregnancies in outpatient induced abortion patients. Methods Select 114 case of abortion patients in our hospital during March 2015～November 2016, randomly divide them to intervention group (pregnancy knowledge training, 57 cases) and routine group (routine follow-up, 57 cases). Two groups of patients were followed up for 1 year after intervention, compared the mastery of contraceptive knowledge, the incidence of unwanted pregnancies again and satisfaction. Results The intervention group patients health knowledge to master the excellent and good rate was significantly higher than the conventional group (87. 72％ vs. 56. 14％, P＜0. 05). The rate of unexpected pregnancy again was significantly lower in the dry group than in the conventional group (3. 51％ vs. 19. 30％, P＜0. 05). The intervention group patients satisfaction was significantly higher than the conventional group. Conclusion Pregnancy knowledge training in outpatient abortion patients can effectively improve the control of patients with contraceptive knowledge and reduce the incidence of postoperative unwanted pregnancies and improve patient satisfaction.

Violência Sexual contra Mulheres: um Estudo Comparativo entre Vítimas Adolescentes e Adultas / Sexual Violence against Women: a Comparative Study between Adolescent and Adult Victims / Violencia Sexual contra mujeres: un Estudio Comparativo entre Víctimas Adolescentes y Adultas

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever as características da vítima, da violência, do agressor e do atendimento recebido por mulheres (12 anos acima) em um hospital da rede pública de Fortaleza-CE entre 2010 e 2013. Buscou-se, ainda, identificar as consequências da violência e o desfecho da gestação (continuidade ou interrupção), além de realizar uma análise comparativa das vítimas adolescentes e adultas. Elaborou-se um formulário específico de investigação (36 questões), preenchido com base em três formulários utilizados no hospital. No total, foram analisados 112 formulários, dos quais 51 pertenciam a adolescentes e 61 a adultas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais no Statistical Package for Social Science ­ SPSS, versão 19. As vítimas eram em sua maioria adultas, de raça/cor parda, heterossexual, solteira e estudante. A violência sexual mais praticada foi o estupro e por agressor desconhecido por parte das vítimas. A gravidez foi a consequência da violência sexual mais frequente, tendo as mulheres adolescentes mais vezes optado pela continuidade da gestação. A evolução do atendimento não ficou clara em muitos casos, devido à fragilidade de preenchimento das fichas analisadas. Ressalta-se a importância do estudo que, ao incluir diversas perspectivas acerca da violência sexual (vítima, violência, agressor e atendimento), pode contribuir para a elaboração e estruturação de políticas públicas....(AU)

This study aimed to describe the characteristics of the victim, the violence, the aggressor and the care received by women (12 years old and above) in a public hospital in the city of Fortaleza-CE between 2010­2013. The study also sought to identify the consequences of violence and the outcome of the pregnancy (continuity or interruption), and perform a comparative analysis of adolescent and adult victims. An specific form of research (36 questions) was elaborated and filled out based on three forms used at the hospital. A total of 112 forms were analyzed, from which 51 belonged to adolescents and 61 to adults. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in the Statistical Package for Social Science ­ SPSS (version 19). The victims were in their majority adult of mixed race / color, heterosexual, single and student. The most practiced sexual violence was rape and by an attacker unknown to the victims. The pregnancy was the result of more recurrent sexual violence, and adolescent women more often opted for the continuation of the pregnancy. The evolution of care is not clear in many cases, due to the inconsistence on the filling out of the analyzed forms. The importance of the study, which includes several perspectives on the SV (victim, violence, abuser, and service), can contribute to the development and structuring of public policies....(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir las características de la víctima, la violencia, el agresor y la atención que reciben las mujeres (mayores de 12 años) en un hospital público de Fortaleza-CE entre 2010­2013. Se buscó también para identificar las consecuencias de la violencia y el resultado del embarazo (continuidad o interrupción), y realizar un análisis comparativo de las víctimas adolescentes y adultos. Se elaboró un Informe Específico de Investigación (36 preguntas), rellenado con base en tres formularios usados en el hospital. En total, 112 formas analizadas, de las cuales 51 pertenecían a adolescentes y 61 a adultos. Los dados se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y con inferencias en el Statistical Package for Social Science ­ SPSS (versión 19). Las víctimas eran en su mayoría adultas de raza mixta/color pardo, heterosexuales, solteras y estudiantes. La violencia sexual más practicada fue el estupro y por agresor desconocido por parte de las víctimas. El embarazo fue el resultado de la violencia sexual más frecuente, y las mujeres adolescentes muy a menudo optaron por la continuación de la gestación. La evolución del atendimiento no quedó clara en muchos casos, debido a la fragilidad del relleno de los formularios analizados. Se resalta la importancia del estudio, que al incluir diversas perspectivas sobre de la VS (víctima, violencia, abusador, y atendimiento), puede contribuir a la elaboración y estructuración de políticas públicas....(AU)

Role of Surgical Interventions and Outcomes in Septic Abortion Cases: A Prospective Hospital Based Study

Background: Aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal morbidity & mortality, clinical features, management and role of surgical interventions in cases of septic abortion in a tertiary Centre. Methods: This study was conducted on 25 cases of septic abortion in the Department of obstetrics & Gynaecology in Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun. All patients were evaluated with special reference to incidence, etiological factors, clinical features, surgery & maternal morbidity & mortality. Results: Common age group was between 26-30 years. Most of the cases were from lower socioeconomic status. Septic abortion following spontaneous abortion was present in 5 cases. Unwanted pregnancy was the indication for termination of pregnancy in majority of the cases. 8 cases required laparotomy for drainage of pus, 1 patient had hysterectomy. Conclusion: The incidence of illegal and septic abortion can be reduced by increasing awareness about family planning services and making legal abortion services easily available to the women and that too at a cheaper cost.

Investigation on the Utilization of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Women with Unwanted Pregnancy / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the utilization ratio of emergency contraceptive(EC)pills and re-ducing unwanted pregnancy. METHODS:Among 458 women with unwanted pregnancy in our hospital,self-designed question-naires were used to survey the respondents'knowledge and utilization of EC pills,reasons for not using,sources of EC knowledge and drug availability. The results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:Totally 458 questionnaires were distributed and then 426 valid questionnaires were collected with effective rate of 93.0%. Among respondents,the awareness rate of EC was 81.2%(346/426),and the rate of those receiving higher education was higher than that of other education levels(P<0.001). 56.3%(240/426) of the respondents had ever used EC pills at one time,the utilization ratio of EC pills were higher in women less than 30-year-old and receiving higher education than other age and educational levels(P<0.01). Only 20.2%(86/426)of the respondents ever used EC pills after the last menstrual period and only 3.5%(3/86) of them took EC pills correctly. Not understanding or knowing EC was the main reason for not using EC pills,accounting for 60.6%(206/340). The highest proportion of source which the respon-dents got EC knowledge was network,accounting for 53.5%(185/346). 37.0%(81/219) of the respondents who had ever pur-chased drugs couldn't purchase EC pills conveniently. CONCLUSIONS:The utilization ratio of EC pills in women with unwanted pregnancy needs to be improved and non-standard drug use is more common. It indicates that health education of contraception still need to be strengthened and the availability of EC pills improved.

Estupro e gravidez: Relatos das vivências de mulheres antes e após o desfecho da gestação / Rape and pregnancy: Reports of the experiences of women before and after the end of pregnancy / Estupro e gravidez: Relatos de vivencias de mujeres antes y después del desfecho de la gestación

Resumo Investigou-se a experiência de três mulheres que engravidaram resultado de estupro, usuárias de um hospital-maternidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, destacando as vivências anteriores e após o desfecho da gestação (a continuidade ou a interrupção legal). Em dois casos houve a interrupção legal da gestação e em um caso a continuidade, após ter sido negada a concessão para a realização do aborto. Os motivos relacionados à interrupção da gravidez foram: pensamentos e sentimentos negativos em torno da violência, da criança e da perspectiva de vida futura. Após o desfecho, as participantes que interromperam a gestação expressaram o desejo de retomar ou iniciar projetos de vida e no caso da participante que precisou dar continuidade à gestação, sinais de uma possível vinculação afetiva com a criança. Conclui-se que tais experiências necessitam ser conhecidas em seus aspectos de interrupção ou de continuidade da gestação para a melhoria das políticas públicas voltadas para essas mulheres.

Abstract We investigated the experience of three women who became pregnant by rape, using a maternity hospital in Fortaleza, Ceará, highlighting previous experiences and after gestation (continuity or legal interruption). In two cases there was a legal interruption of gestation and in one case continuity, after being denied the concession to perform the abortion. The reasons related to the interruption of pregnancy were: negative thoughts and feelings about violence, the child and the perspective of future life. After the outcome, participants who interrupted gestation expressed a desire to resume or initiate life projects, and in the case of the participant who had to continue gestation, signs of a possible affective attachment to the child. It is concluded that such experiences need to be known in their aspects of interruption or continuity of gestation for the improvement of the public policies directed towards these women.

Resumen Investigue una experiencia de tres mujeres que graven el resultado de estupro, las usuarias de un hospital-maternidad de Fortaleza, Ceará, destacando como vivencias anteriores y después del desfecho de la gestación (una continuidad o una interrupción legal). En los casos en que se produjo una interrupción legal de la gestión y en el caso de una continuidad, después de haber sido negada una concesión para un acto de aborto. Los motivos relacionados con la interrupción de la gravedad son: pensamientos y sentimientos negativos en la violencia, de la infancia y la perspectiva de la vida futura. Tras el desfecho, como participantes que se interrumpen en una gestación expresada en el deseo de retomar o en iniciar los proyectos de vida y en el caso de la participación que precisan en la continuidad de la gestación, los signos de una posible vinculación afetiva con un niño. Conclui-se que tales experiencias necesitan ser conocidas en sus senos de interrupción o de continuidad de la gestación para un mejoramiento de las políticas públicas voltadas para estas mujeres.

Desaciertos en la prevención del embarazo en adolescentes / Weaknesses in preventing teen pregnancy

Resumen El embarazo durante la adolescencia es un problema de salud pública en el mundo. El 20 % de las mujeres embarazadas son adolescentes, aunque la mortalidad materna es de 2 a 5 veces más alta en este ciclo vital que entre las mujeres de 20 a 29 años. Además de las complicaciones maternoperinatales asociadas con la inmadurez biológica, tener un hijo antes de los 20 años genera un impacto socioeconómico negativo que puede prolongarse por toda la vida. Por esta razón y con el objetivo de mejorar la salud materna, en el año 2000 la ONU propuso como meta para 2015 la reducción mundial de la tasa de embarazo en adolescentes. Para cumplir con esta meta, el Ministerio de Salud de Colombia ha implementado estrategias para prevenir el embarazo no deseado, y aunque las actuales estrategias de prevención han demostrado ser efectivas en mejorar el conocimiento en sexualidad y métodos anticonceptivos, no han logrado modificar el comportamiento sexual ni reducir la prevalencia de embarazo en mujeres menores de 20 años. Otro aspecto que se debe considerar es el deseo reproductivo inaplazable durante la adolescencia, ya que el 36 % de las madres adolescentes quería su hijo en el momento que lo tuvo. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar acerca de los diferentes factores que influyen en el embarazo deseado y no deseado durante la adolescencia y las diferentes estrategia de prevención, teniendo en cuenta que el embarazo en adolescentes en un evento multifactorial que requiere una intervención intersectorial.

Abstract Adolescent pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem. 20% of pregnant women are teenagers, but maternal mortality is 2 to 5 times higher in this age group than among women aged 20 to 29 years. In addition to the maternal perinatal complications associated with biological immaturity, having a child before age 20 generates a negative socio-economic impact, which can be extended for life. For this reason and with the aim at improving maternal health, in 2000 the United Nations proposed as a goal for 2015 the global reduction in adolescent pregnancy rate. In order to meet this goal, Colombia Ministry of Health has implemented strategies to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Although the current prevention strategies have proven to be effective in improving knowledge on sexuality and contraception, have failed to modify the sexual behavior or reduce the prevalence of pregnancy in women under 20 years of age. Another aspect to consider is the non-deferrable reproductive desire during adolescence, since 36 percent of teenage mothers wanted their child at the time they got pregnant The aim of this article is to reflect on the different factors influencing desired and unwanted pregnancy during adolescence and the different strategies of prevention, taking into account that pregnancy in adolescents is a multifactorial event that requires intersectoral intervention.

Gravidez Indesejada e Tentativa de Aborto: práticas e contextos / Embarazo no deseado y tentativa de aborto: prácticas y contextos / Unwanted pregnancy and abortion attempt: practices and contexts

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é explorar aspectos da gravidez indesejada e da tentativa de aborto revelados numa avaliação da assistência pré-natal. Realizou-se uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, com 1035 puérperas da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil, internadas para o parto em maternidades de referência do Sistema Único de Saúde. No inquérito populacional, coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos, bem como sobre sentimentos e expectativas diante da gravidez. Na etapa qualitativa, realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados evidenciaram a tentativa de aborto inseguro em consequência da gravidez indesejada. Foram reveladas vulnerabilidades entre as pesquisadas, que demonstraram conhecimento popular sobre riscos do aborto para o bebê. Compreende-se que as mulheres se arriscam por meio do aborto induzido, revelando conflitos morais que persistem na sociedade brasileira, especialmente acerca do direito à vida e do direito à autonomia da mulher.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es explorar aspectos del embarazo no deseado y de la tentativa de aborto revelados en una evaluación de la asistencia pre-natal. Se realizó una investigación cuanti-cualitativa, con 1035 puérperas de la Región Metropolitana de la Gran Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil, internadas para el parto en maternidades de referencia del Sistema Único de Salud. En la encuesta poblacional se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos, así como acerca de sentimientos y expectativas frente al embarazo. En la etapa cualitativa fueron realizadas entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados evidenciaron la tentativa de aborto inseguro en consecuencia del embarazo no deseado. Se revelaron vulnerabilidades entre las participantes de la investigación, que demostraron conocimientos populares acerca de los riesgos del aborto para el bebé. Se comprende que las mujeres se arriesgan por medio del aborto inducido, revelando conflictos morales que persisten en la sociedad brasileña, especialmente con relación al derecho a la vida y a la autonomía de la mujer.

Abstract: The aim of this article is to explore aspects of unwanted pregnancy and abortion attempts revealed in an evaluation of prenatal care. We conducted a quantitative and qualitative study with mothers in 1035 in the Metropolitan Region of Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, admitted for labor in Unified Health System reference hospitals. The population survey collected demographic data, as well as data regarding feelings and expectations toward pregnancy. In the qualitative stage, semi-structured interviews were conducted. The results showed the attempt of unsafe abortion as a result of an unwanted pregnancy. Vulnerabilities were revealed among the sample of women, who demonstrated popular knowledge about abortion risks to the baby. It is understood that the women face the risk of an induced abortion, revealing moral conflicts that persist in Brazilian society, especially about the right to life and the right to women's autonomy.

Contraceptive Practice of Clients Attending the Family Planning Clinic of the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria.

Aim: To examine the socio-demographic characteristics, main source of information about family planning and contraceptive choices of women attending the family planning clinic of a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria. Study Design: A retrospective descriptive analysis of the case records of all new clients. Place and Duration: Family planning clinic of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria between 1st January 2006 and 31st December 2011. Methods: This study was carried out on 733 new clients seeking contraceptive services within the study period. The age, marital status, parity, occupation, religion, ethnicity and educational level completed; source of information about family planning, interval between last confinement and first visit, and the intention of the clients were obtained. Results: A total of 733 new clients attended the family planning clinic during the period of review. There were 4145 new gynaecological consultations during the period and the contraceptive prevalence represented 17.6% of the total gynaecological consultations. The age of the clients ranged between 17 and 48 years with a mean of 32.5±5.5 years. There was a low patronage of family planning clinic by the teenagers and unmarried women as they accounted for only 0.3% and 2.9% respectively of all clients seen during the period. The source of information about family planning services was mainly from health personnel 516, (70.5%). IUCD and injectables were the most frequently selected methods irrespective of the socio-demographic characteristics of the clients, their intention for family planning uptake; and interval between last confinement and commencement of family planning. Conclusion: This study showed that unmarried females and teenagers had a poor patronage of conventional family planning centers. Instead of the health personnel, the mass media should play a pivotal and leading role in information dissemination so that awareness on the use and utilization of contraception will be higher than what it is presently.

Effectiveness on Knowledge of Necklace Method as a Natural Family Planning Among Reproductive Age Group Mothers.

It is estimated that human population will increase by 1 billion people in the next decade. Millions of Indian women are at risk of an unwanted pregnancy. About 70% of the women who want to space their next birth are using no family planning. The necklace method, a new, natural method of family planning, is 95% effective when used correctly. It is most appropriate for women with menstrual cycles between 26 and 32 days; couples must avoid unprotected intercourse during a woman’s fertile period i.e., Days 8 through 19 of the woman’s menstrual cycle.